Assignments Class 12 Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

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Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Assignments Class 12 Biology

Question. Root of any plant breeding programme is :
(a) Mutation
(b) Genetic variability
(c) Hybridisation
(d) Selection

Question. The contribution of agriculture in indian GDP is approximately :
(a) 62%
(b) 90%
(c) 33%
(d) 5%

Question. Each of the plant obtained through tissue culture are genetically identical to the original plant from which they were grown are known as
(a) Genocopies
(b) Somaclonal variants
(c) Somaclones
(d) Phenocopies

Question. Sonalika is variety of :
(a) Wheat
(b) Rice
(c) Maize
(d) Pea

Question. “International center for wheat and maize”improvement” is situated at :
(a) Phillipins
(b) India
(c) Mexico
(d) Brazil

Question. Match the following

A. Vitamin A rich	i. Lablab
B. Vitamin C rich	ii. Spinach
C. Fe and Ca Rich	iii. Bitter gaurd
D. Protein Rich	iv. Carrot

A B C D
(a) iv iii ii i
(b) iv iii i ii
(c) iii iv ii i
(d) iii iv i ii

Question. Fusion between two naked protoplasts is known as
(a) Somatic hybridisation
(b) Germinal hybridisation
(c) Parasexual hybridisation
(d) Both 1 and 3

Question. Parbhani Kranti, which has resistance to yellow mosaic virus is a variety of :
(a) Wheat
(b) Cow pea
(c) Bhindi
(d) Chilli

Question. Classical plant breeding involves
(a) Hybridisation of pure lines exclusively
(b) Hybridisation of pure lines followed by artificial selection
(c) Artificial selection exclusively
(d) Mutation breeding

Question. Which of the following is not an objective of plant breeding for improved nutritional quality
(a) Protein content and quality
(b) Oil content and quality
(c) Vitamin content
(d) Carbohydrate content

Question. Which of the following nutrient was enhanced in hybrid maize developed in the year 2000
(a) Lysine
(b) Tryptophane
(c) Threonine
(d) Both 1 and 2

Question. Which of the following is not a step of plant breeding
(a) Collection of variability
(b) Evalution and selection of parents
(c) Cross hybridisation within a pure line
(d) Selection and testing of superior recombinants

Question. Plants produced by tissue culture method are called:
(a) Explant
(b) Somaclones
(c) Micropropagation
(d) SCP (Single cell protein)

Question. India has maximum genetic diversity of :
(a) Wheat
(b) Rice
(c) Mango
(d) Apple

Question. In mung bean, resistance to yellow mosic virus and powdery mildew were induced by
(a) Conventional breeding
(b) Mutation breeding
(c) Germplasm collection
(d) Polyploidy breeding

Question. About disease resistant varieties of plant select out the incorrect match
(a) Wheat – Himgiri
(b) Brassica – Pusa swarnim
(c) Cauliflower – Pusa shubhra
(d) Cowpea – Pusa snowball K1

Question. Resistance to jassids in cotton and cereal leaf beetles in wheat is due to which of the following morphological / physiological / Biochemical characteristic
(a) Solid stem
(b) Nectorlessness
(c) High aspartic acid
(d) Hairy leaves

Question. Parbhani kranti variety of Ablemoschus esculentus was created for resistance against which of the following disease
(a) Yellow mosaic virus
(b) Curl blight black rot
(c) White rust
(d) Powdery mildew

Question. In India, how many varieties of rice are present ?
(a) 200000
(b) 50000
(c) 10000
(d) 1000

Question. Pomato is an example of :
(a) Somatic hybrid
(b) Somatic embryo
(c) Androgenic haploid
(d) SCP

Question. Saccharum barberry had poor sugar content and yield. This veriety of sugar cane mainly grown in which part of india ?
(a) South India
(b) East India
(c) North India
(d) West India 

Question. In mung bean, resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew were induced by :
(a) Plant introduction
(b) Plant tissue culture
(c) Hybridisation
(d) Mutation

Question. Which chemical is used in somatic hybridisation ?
(a) Polyethyline glycole
(b) Acredine
(c) HNO₂
(d) Ethenol

Question. ‘P-1542’ is a hybrid variety of which plant ?
(a) Wheat
(b) Rice
(c) Maize
(d) Pea

Question. “Jaya” and “Ratna” are better yielding semi dwart varieties of rice. These varieties are doveloped in which country ?
(a) Japan
(b) India
(c) Phillipins
(d) Mexico

Question. When breeding is between animals of the same breed it is called ______________, while crosses between different breeds are called ______________.
(a) out-breeding; inbreeding
(b) inbreeding; out-breeding
(c) out breeding; cross-breeding
(d) cross-breeding; inbreeding

Question. Which one of the following is a new breed of sheep developed in Punjab by crossing Bikaneri ewes and Marino rams?
(a) Hisardale
(b) White Leghorn
(c) Assel
(d) Langshan

Question. MOET stands for
(a) Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer Technology
(b) Multiple Ovulation Energy Transport Technology
(c) Method of Ovulation Energy Transfer Technology
(d) Method of Ovulation Energy Transport Technology

Question. A branch of science that deals with the maintenance of hives of honeybees for the production of honey is called ______.
(a) aquaculture
(b) pisciculture
(c) apiculture
(d) sericulture

Question. Which one of the following is a freshwater fish?
(a) Catla
(b) Rohu
(c) Common carp
(d) All of these

Question. 33 percent of India’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product) comes from ______________ and employs ____________ percent of the population.
(a) industry; 70
(b) agriculture; 62
(c) export; 30
(d) agriculture; 75

Question. Which of the following is a variety of Brassica resistant to white rust disease?
(a) Himgiri
(b) Pusa komal
(c) Pusa swarnim (Karan rai)
(d) Pusa Sadabahar

Question. Which of the following processes is used for creating genetic variation by changing the base sequence within genes resulting in the creation of a new character or trait not found in the parental type?
(a) Selection
(b) Hybridization
(c) Mutation
(d) Breeding

Question. Which one of the following technique is used for the manipulation of plant species in order to create desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation and give better yields and are disease resistant?
(a) Out-breeding
(b) Out-crossing
(c) Cross-breeding
(d) Plant breeding

Question. In Abelmoschus esculentus (bhindi), resistance genes are transferred from a wild species against yellow mosaic virus and resulted in a new variety of A. Esculentus called _____
(a) Pusa swarnim
(b) Himgiri
(c) Pusa sadabahar
(d) Parbhani kranti

Question. Which of the following variety of wheat, having a high protein content, has been used as a donor for improving cultivated wheat ?
(a) Himgiri
(b) Atlas 66
(c) Sonalika
(d) Kalyan Sona

Question. An explant is a
(a) dead plant.
(b) part of the plant.
(c) part of the plant used in tissue culture.
(d) part of the plant that expresses a specific gene.

Question. Protoplast of two different species are fused in _______.
(a) micropropagation
(b) somatic hybridization
(c) clonal propagation
(d) organography

Question. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct ?
(a) Haploid culture technique was developed by Guha and Maheshwari.
(b) A line consists of a group of individuals related by descent and with similar genotype.
(c) Mutation is a sudden heritable change in a character of an organism.
(d) All of the above

Question. Which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect?
(a) In 2000, maize hybrids that had twice the amounts of the amino acids, lysine and proline, compared to
existing maize hybrids were developed.
(b) The Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi has released several vegetable crops that are
rich in vitamins and minerals.
(c) Some of the diseases caused by fungi are black rot of crucifers, tobacco mosaic, turnip mosaic etc.
(d) Both (a) and (c)

Question. Select the correct statement(s).
(i) IARI has released a mustard variety rich in vitamin C.
(ii) Pusa Sawani, a variety of Okra is resistant to aphids.
(iii) Hairiness of leaves provides resistance to insect pests.
(iv) Agriculture accounts for approximately 33% of India’s GDP and employs nearly 62% of the population.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(d) None of these

Question. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct regarding inbreeding?
(i) It is the mating of more closely related individuals within the same breed for 4-6 generations.
(ii) It decreases homozygosity .
(iii) It exposes harmful recessive genes that are eliminated by selection.
(iv) Inbreeding depression results due to continued Inbreeding, especially close – inbreeding, may reduce fertility and productivity.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv)

Question. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(i) Fishery is an industry, which deals with catching, processing and marketing of fishes and other aquatic
animals such as prawn, crab, lobster, edible oyster, etc. that have a high economic value.
(ii) Both aquaculture and pisciculture are same.
(iii) The development and flourishing of the fishery industry is called silver revolution.
(a) Only (i)
(b) Both (ii) and (iii)
(c) Both (i) and (iii)
(d) All of these

Question. Which of the following statement is correct?
(a) Sonalika and Kalyan sona were low yielding and disease resistant crops.
(b) Saccharum barberi had high sugar content and yield, but was originally grown in north India.
(c) Saccharum officinarum had thicker stems and higher sugar content, but did not grow well in north India.
(d) Both (a) and (c)

Matching Type Questions

Question. Match the column-I with column-II and choose the correct option.

Column-I	Column-II
A. Many people have deficiencies as they cannot buy fruits & vegetables	I. Single cell proteins
B. Crops with higher vitamins, proteins and fats	II. Micropropagation
C. Growing microbes as the alternative source of proteins	III. Somaclones
D. Capacity to generate plant from a single cell or explant	IV. Hidden hunger
E. Production of thousand plants through tissue culture	V. Bio-fortification
F. Genetically identical plants	VI. Totipotency

(a) A – IV; B – V; C – VI; D – I; E – II; F – III
(b) A – IV; B – V; C – VI; D – I; E – III; F – II
(c) A – IV; B – V; C – I; D – VI; E – II; F – III
(d) A – VI; B – V; C – I; D – IV; E – II; F – III

Question. Match the crops given in column-I with their resistance to disease given in column-II and choose the correct option.

Column-I (Crop)	Column-II (Resistance to diseases)
A. Wheat	I. Tobacco mosaic virus and leaf curl
B. Brassica	II. Bacterial blight
C. Cowpea	III. Leaf and stripe rust
D. Cauliflower	IV. White rust
E. Chilli	V. Black rot and curl blight black rot

(a) A – IV; B – III; C – II; D – I; E – V
(b) A – III; B – IV; C – II; D – V; E – I
(c) A – IV; B – III; C – V; D – I; E – II
(d) A – III; B – IV; C – I; D – V; E – II

Question. Which of the following is not correctly matched with its variety?
(a) Brassica (rapeseed mustard) – Pusa Gaurav
(b) Cowpea – Pusa Sadabahar
(c) Flat been –Pusa sem 2
(d) Okra (Bhindi) – Pusa A- 4

Question. Which of the following pair is correctly matched?
(a) Sericulture – Fish
(b) Pisciculture – Silk moth
(c) Aquaculture – mosquitoes
(d) Apiculture – Honey bee

Assertion/Reason Type Question

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is followed by a statement of Reason.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Question. Assertion : Somatic embryos can be induced from any cell in plant tissue culture.
Reason : Any living plant cell is capable of differentiating into somatic embryos.

Question. Assertion : An important technique of genetic engineering is protoplast culture.
Reason : It results in the production of genetically modified crops.

Question. Assertion : A major advantage of tissue culture is protoplast fusion. 
Reason : A hybrid is formed by the fusion of naked protoplasts of two plants.

Critical Thinking Type Questions

Question. Select the correct chronological order of the events occuring during callus culture
(a) Callus → Cell division → Explant → Addition of cytokinin → Cells acquire meristematic property.
(b) Explant → Callus → Cell division → Addition of cytokinin → Cells acquire meristematic property.
(c) Explant → Cell division → Callus → Addition of cytokinin → Cells acquire meristematic property.
(d) Callus → Explant → Cell division → Addition of cytokinin → Cells acquire meristematic property.

Question. The biggest compulsion of plant breeding is
(a) infrastructure.
(b) trained manpower.
(c) transfer of genes from unrelated sources.
(d) availability of desirable gene in the crop and its wild relatives.

Question. Crop improvement is possible through
(a) judicious combination of selection, introduction and hybridization.
(b) selection
(c) scientific improvement of cultivated plants.
(d) introduction.

Question. Which of the following is the process of choosing parent organisms for the characteristic that is wanted in their offspring?
(a) Active selection
(b) Reproductive selection
(c) Selective breeding
(d) None of the above

Question. Sharbati sonora variety of wheat was obtained by
(a) X-ray treatment.
(b) crossing with wild varieties of wheat.
(c) hybridization between wild grasses.
(d) irradiation of sonora 64 with gamma rays.

Question. Which of the following pair of hormones are required for a callus to differentiate ?
(a) Auxin and cytokinin
(b) Auxin and ethylene
(c) Auxin and abscisic acid
(d) Cytokinin and gibberellin

Question. Which of the following techniques used in animal biotechnology are required for the rapid multiplication and production of animals with a desirable genotype ?
(a) Protoplast fusion and embryo transfer.
(b) Hybrid selection and embryo transfer.
(c) In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.
(d) All of the above

Question. An improved variety of transgenic basmati rice
(a) does not require chemical fertilizers and growth hormones.
(b) gives high yield and is rich in vitamin A.
(c) is completely resistant to all insect pests and diseases of paddy.
(d) gives high yield but has no characteristic aroma.

Question. Plants can be disease resistant by
(a) breeding with their wild relatives.
(b) colchicine treatment.
(c) hormone treatment.
(d) heat treatment.

Question. Which of the following is not used for crop improvement?
(a) Inbreeding
(b) Introduction
(c) Hybridization
(d) Mutations

Question. Totipotency refers to the
(a) capacity to generate genetically identical plants.
(b) capacity to generate a whole plant from any plant cell explant.
(c) capacity to generate hybrid protoplasts.
(d) recovery of healthy plants from diseased plants.

Question. On the basis of the following process, answer the question.
(i) gene transfer
(ii) transfer of cytoplasm
(iii) production of useful allopolyploids
Which of the following term is used in the given process?
(a) Somatic hybrid
(b) Single cell protein
(c) Bio – fortification
(d) None of the above