Assignments Class 10 Social Science The Making of a Global World

Assignments for Class 10

Please refer to Assignments Class 10 Social Science The Making of a Global World Chapter 3 with solved questions and answers. We have provided Class 10 Social Science Assignments for all chapters on our website. These problems and solutions for Chapter 3 The Making of a Global World Class 10 Social Science have been prepared as per the latest syllabus and books issued for the current academic year. Learn these solved important questions to get more marks in your class tests and examinations.

The Making of a Global World Assignments Class 10 Social Science

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

Question. How frozen meat reached European market at reduced cost ?
Ans : Animals were slaughtered for food in America, Australia or New Zealand and then transported to Europe as frozen meat at reduced cost.

Question. Which common foods were introduced to our ancestors after Columbus discovered America ?
Ans : Potatoes, soya, maize, tomatoes, chillies, groundnuts and sweet potatoes were introduced in Europe and Asia after the discovery of America by Columbus.

Question. What were ‘Silk Routes’ ?
Ans : Silk routes were dynamic pre-modem trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world.

Question. What is El Dorado ?
Ans : El Dorado was deemed to be the fabled city of gold.

Question. What was Rastafarianism ?
Ans : Rastafarianism means a protest religion that reflected social and cultural connections with Indian emigrants in the Caribbean region.

Question. Who was indentured labourer ?
Ans : Indentured labourer signifies a ‘bonded labourer1 who obtained contract to work for an employer for a particular period of time.

Question. What kind of cultural exchanges were made through ‘Silk Route’ ?
Ans : ‘Silk Route’ was a popular network as it was frequented by the Christian missionaries, Muslim and Buddhist preachers.

Question. Why did people migrate from Europe to Australia and America ?
Ans : Due to the increasing demand for food and employment, people from Europe migrated to Australia and America in search for better future prospects.

Question. Why were indentured labourer hired from India and China ?
Ans : In the nineteenth century, thousands of Indians and Chinese labourers were hired to work on plantations, mines, and road and railways construction projects as indentured labourers.

Question. Can you name some prominent Indians whose descendents were migrant indentured labourers in West Indies ?
Ans : Nobel Prize winning writer V.S. Naipaul and West Indies cricketers Shivnarine Chandrapaul and Ramnaresh Sarwan.

Question. What is Al-Dorado in Latin America?
Ans. City of Gold.

Question. Give any two factors which helped in making of global world?
Ans. (1) Trade (2) In search of work

Question. During the First World War women in Europe stepped into jobs which earlier men were expected to do. What was the reason?
(a) because men went to battle.
(b) because men went to other countries in search of jobs.
(c) because of liberalisation of women in society.
(d) because menfolk decided to take charge of the household work.
Ans. (a) because men went to battle.

Question. People livelihood and local economy of Asia was badly affected by the disease named Rinderpest.
Ans. False

Question. Carribbean island was an important destination for indentured migrants?
Ans. True

Question. Who adopted the concept of ‘assembly line’ to manufacture automobiles?
(a) T. Cuppola
(b) Henry Ford
(c) Samuel Morse
(d) Christopher Columbus
Ans. (b) Henry Ford

Question. How were human societies interlinked in ancient times ?
Ans. Human societies interlinked by travellers, traders, priests and pilgrims who travelled vast distances for knowledge, opportunity and spiritual fulfillment

Question. ……………. is a fast spreading cattle plague which hit Africa in the late 1880s.
Ans. Rinderpest

Question. Europeans were attracted to Africa by its natural beauty.
Ans. False

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

Question. Why did Europeans flee to America in the 19th century? Give three reasons.
Ans : Europe was facing the problems like poverty, hunger, deadly diseases, religious conflicts, slave traders etc. and therefore many Europeans shifted to America by the 18th century.

Question. Describe the circumstances responsible for the formation of G-77.
Ans : The developing countries were not benefitted from the fast growing western economies so they organized together and formed a Group of 77 which is commonly referred to as G-77 and demanded a new international economic order.
Their demand for NIEO was to get the real control over their own natural resources, development assistance, and fairer prices for the raw materials and access for their manufactured goods in the markets of the developed nations.

Question. “China became an attractive destination for investment by foreign MNCs in the nineteenth and twentieth century.” Justify the statement.
Ans : It is true to say that in the 19th and 20th century, China became an attractive destination for investment by the foreign MNCs. This is due to the following reasons:
a. MNCs shifted their production units to low wage countries like China by the late 1870s.
b. Due to the highly skilled people in large numbers it was easy to get the skilled labour at low cost in China.
c. The new economic policy in China and better opportunity for the MNCs to maximize their profit also played an important role in this.

Question. Describe any three problems faced by Indian cotton weavers in the nineteenth century.
Ans : The three problems faced by Indian cotton weavers in the nineteenth century were:
a. Earlier, India was the main exporter of fine cotton to Britain but when the British cotton industries began to expand after industrialisation, they put pressure on the government to restrict the import of cotton to Britain.
b. As a result, tariffs were imposed on the import of cotton cloth from India which protected the local manufacturers in Britain.
c. Thus the inflow of the fine cotton from India declined.

Question. Describe in brief the destruction caused during the Second World War.
Ans : The Second World War took place from 1939 to 1945 between the Axis powers (which included Nazi Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (which included Britain, France, Soviet Union and US). 60 million people were killed and millions were injured in this war in which civilian deaths were more than the soldiers. Many European and Asian cities were destroyed due to the aerial bombardment and artillery attacks.
This war had caused great social and economic fracture. The post war 1 reconstruction was long and difficult.

Question. How was the food problem solved in Britain after scrapping the Corn Laws? Explain.
Ans : The abolition of Corn Laws was responsible for the movement of people to the cities and overseas because the imported corn was much cheaper which the British farmers were unable to compete as a result they either left the cultivation or were thrown out of the farm.
The consumption of food crops rose in Britain due to the fall in prices. The food imports increased due to the higher income caused by the faster industrial growth in Britain.
This increased demand of food crops in Britain was fulfilled by the countries in Western Europe, Russia, America and Australia where the lands were cleared for the expansion of the food grain production.

Question. Explain how the First World War was so horrible a war like none other before.
or
Why is it said that there was no other war earlier like the First World War? State in three points.
Ans : There was no other war earlier like the First World War because of the following reasons:
a. The First World War which took place mainly in Europe from 1914 to 1918 had a profound impact on economic and political stability which took over three decades to overcome,
b. The leading industrial nations of the world were taking part, they wanted to harness the vast powers of the modern industries for the greatest possible destructions. Modern weapons like tanks, aircrafts, machine guns and chemical weapons were used, large ships and trains were used to move the recruited soldiers.
c. Around 9 million died and 20 million injured, the industries were restructured to produce war-related goods and also the societies were reorganized for war.

Question. How did the withdrawal of US loans during the phase of the Great Depression affect the rest of the world? Explain in three points.
Ans : During the First World War, the US financed through loans a number of countries. The withdrawal of US loans affected the rest of the world in the following three ways:
a. It caused the failure of some major banks and collapse of currencies in Europe.
b. The banks in US slashed domestic lending and called back loans but many households were unable to repay the loan due to decline in sale of agricultural products.
c. Collapse of business and falling income which finally resulted into collapse of the US banking system. To protect its economy, the US doubled the import duties which led to another severe blow to the world trade.

Question. Explain the impact of First World War on the British economy.
Ans : The First World War which took place mainly in Europe from 1914 to 1918 had ; a profound impact on the economy of Britain.
a. The large scale deaths and injuries in the First World War reduced the working age people in Europe, declined the family income and the women had to undertake jobs to run the family.
b. During the First World War the US became the international creditor from being international debtor because, to finance the war, Britain borrowed huge sums of money from the US banks and US public.
c. The debt mounted and thus Britain was not able to produce goods for exports.

Question. How did rinderpest become instrumental in subjugating the Africans?
Ans. (a) It affected the livelihood, economy , the social peace and harmony of the Africans.
(b) About ninety-nine per cent of the cattle were killed, which forced Africans to work for the Europeans in the plantations.
(c) It enabled the Europeans to colonies and subdue Africa. The colonial government forced Africans into labour – market.

Question. Describe the effects of abolishing the Corn Laws.
Ans. (a) Food could be imported into Britain more cheaply than it could be produced within the country.
(b) British agriculture was unable to compete with imports.
(c) Vast areas of land were now left uncultivated and thousands of men and women were thrown out of work.
(d) Peasants flocked to the cities or migrated overseas.

Question. How did the Great Depression of 1929 affect the farmers and the middle classes in India in different ways?
Ans. (a) Agricultural prices began to fell and finally collapsed in 1930.
(b) It became difficult for the peasants to sell their harvest and pay revenues.
(c) Peasants ran into huge debts who had mortgaged their land and used their savings.
(d) This depression however did not hit the urban areas where the middle class lived and had fixed incomes.
(e) Middle class salaried people were not affected and rather they could buy goods at a cheaper rate.

Question. What are ‘canal colonies’ ?
Ans. The British Indian government built a network of irrigation canals in Punjab. The Colonies situated around the areas irrigated by the new canals were called, Canal Colonies.

Question. What do you mean by surplus trade? Why the balance of trade is always favourable for Britain in terms of India?
Ans. When export value is more than import value is known as surplus value
(a) The excess of goods in the market of Britain.
(b) Increase in export of grains and raw material to Britain and other countries from India.
(c) The goods imported to India cost very high whereas the goods exported to Britain cost very less.

Question. Explain the impact of First World War on the British economy.
Ans. (a) 15 – 25 percent of Britain’s wealth was spent on the war.
(b) It had borrowed heavily from the United States and after the war, the debts mounted.
(c) British industries could not produce goods for exports.
(d) Being unable to modernize its industries and compete with the United States, Germany and Japan, British economy crumbled.

Question. Why did Europeans flee to America in the 19th Century? Give three reasons.
Ans. (a) Poverty and hunger were common and widespread in Europe in the beginning of the 19th century.
(b) Cities were overcrowded and people feared deadly diseases.
(c) Religious conflicts

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

Question. Explain the three types of movements or flows within international economic exchange. Mention any one example of any one type of flow from India and one from England.
Ans : There were three types of movements or flows noticed by the economist in the international market.
a. Flow of trade in which there was large scale trade of goods such as clothes and food stuffs.
b. Flow of labour in which the people migrated from one place to another in large numbers in search of employment.
c. Flow of capital in which capital moved over long distances for short term or long term investments.
Railways, ports, harbours and settlements were developed in America and Australia for the smooth supply of food stuffs and for the industrial raw materials. All this required capital and labour which flowed from the financial centres such as London. During this period, around 50 million people migrated from Europe to America and Australia and around
150 million people migrated all over the world in search of their better future.
The indentured labourers were hired from India (Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, central India and dry districts of Tamilnadu) for a period of five years to work on plantations.

Question. Explain the following:
(a) G-77
(b) The Great Depression
Ans : a. G-77: The developing countries were not benefitted from the fast growing western economies so they organized together and formed a group of 77 which is commonly referred to as G-77 and demanded a new international economic order.
Their demand for NIEO was to get the real control over their own natural resources, development assistance, and fairer prices for the raw materials and access for their manufactured goods in the markets of the developed nations.
b. The Great Depression: The year 1929 was called the year of Great Depression which lasted till mid-1980s. Production, employment, income and trade declined all over the world due to which the agricultural regions and communities were worst affected because the prices of the agricultural products declined sharply and for long period than the Price fall in the industrial goods.
The two main reasons for this Great Depression were the overproduction in the US and the withdrawal of US loans which caused the failure of some major banks and collapse of currencies in Europe.

Question. Explain any three benefits of refrigerated ships.
Ans : The three benefits of refrigerated ships were:
a. There was trade in meat till the 1870s from America to Europe. The cattle were slaughtered after they reach the destination. There were number of problems in carrying the five animals into the ships such as they took lot of space, many died on the way, fell ill, lost their weight, became inedible.
b. To solve the problems of this meat trade, refrigerated ships were developed for carrying these for a longer distance. The animals were slaughtered at the starting point and then transported as frozen meat to Europe which solved the problems of space, shipping cost and the price of the meat in the European market.
c. As the price of the meat reduced in the market, the European poor could also consume butter, eggs and meat which helped in better living conditions and social peace in the country. This condition supported for imperialism abroad.

Question. Describe in brief the world economic condition in the post first world war period.
Ans : a. Before the First World War, Britain was the world’s leading economy but after the war Britain was over burdened with external debts.
b. In the meantime, industries in India and Japan developed a lot. Due to these conditions it became difficult for Britain to get its dominance over India back and compete with Japan internationally. ‘ The First World War led to an economic boom which means large increase in demand, production and employment but the production decreased and the unemployment increased when the war ended. In the year 1921, there was huge job losses, almost l/5th of the British workers were out of job.
c. Eastern Europe was the major supplier of wheat in the world which was disrupted when Europe was bpsy with the First World War. During this war period the production of wheat rose in Canada, US and Australia. Again after the war Eastern
d. Europe revived the wheat production. Due to this there was tremendous supply of wheat in the world market which resulted in falling prices, decline of the rural income and the farmers fell in debt.

Question. How did the Great Depression of 1929 affect the farmers and the middle classes in India in different ways?
Ans : The great depression of US also affected India severely. The exports and imports fell down almost by 50%.
a. The peasants who were producing for the world market were hit hard than the urban dwellers because of the sharp decline in the price of the agricultural products in the international market and also the colonial government refused to reduce the revenue.
b. The jute producers of Bengal fell into debt due to the collapse of the gunny exports and decline in the price of the raw jute. To come out of the situation of indebtedness, Indian peasants used their savings, mortgaged lands and sold their jewellery and precious metals.
c. During this depression period, India became an important exporter of Gold which helped Britain to speed up its recovery and also helped in promoting the global economic recovery.
d. The urban India people were not much affected as their income was fixed. Either they were dependent on rental income or they were salaried employees.

SOURCE BASED QUESTIONS

Question. Read the following passage and answer the questions at the end.
The Portuguese and Spanish conquest and colonisation of America was decisively under way by the mid-sixteenth century. European conquest was not just a result of superior firepower. In fact, the most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors was not a conventional military weapon at all. It was the germs such as those of smallpox that they carried on their person. Because of their long isolation, America’s original inhabitants had no immunity against these diseases that came from Europe. Smallpox in particular proved a deadly killer. Once introduced, it spread deep into the continent, ahead even of any Europeans reaching there. It killed and decimated whole communities, paving the way for conquest.

(a) What was the most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors?
Ans. The germs such as those of smallpox

(b) Why America’s original inhabitants infected easily by the germs that came from Europe?
Ans. They were isolated from the rest of the world and had no immunity.

(c) How Europeans carried germs in America?
Ans. With infected person.