Please see Life Lines of National Economy Class 10 Social Science Revision Notes provided below. These revision notes have been prepared as per the latest syllabus and books for Class 10 Social Science issues by CBSE, NCERT, and KVS. Students should revise these notes for Chapter 7 Life Lines of National Economy daily and also prior to examinations for understanding all topics and to get better marks in exams. We have provided Class 10 Social Science Notes for all chapters on our website.
Chapter 7 Life Lines of National Economy Class 10 Social Science Revision Notes
Points to remember:
• India has one of the largest road networks in the world, aggregating to about 56 lakh km.
Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways
• A Six lane Super Highway which connects Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai-and Delhi.
• The North South corridors linking Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) and Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu).
• The East-West corridor connecting Silcher (Assam) and Porbander (Gujrat).
• The major objective of these Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between the mega cities of India.
• These highway projects are being implemented by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI).
National Highways
• It link extreme parts of the country.
• These are primary road systems.
• These are laid and maintained by the Central Public works Department (CPWD)
Railways
• Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India.
• It also makes it possible to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer distances.
• It has been a great integrating force along with accelerating the development of industry and agriculture.
• The Indian Railways is now reorganized into 16 zones.
Problems-
• Travelling without ticket.
• Theft and damaging of railway property.
• Pulling the chain unnecessarily.
• Late running of trains.
Pipelines
• In the past these were used to transport water to cities and industries.
• Now are being used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas from oil.
Major ports on the Western Coast of India
Major ports on the Eastern Coast of India
Airways
• Fastest, most comfortable and prestigious mode of transportation.
• It can cover very difficult terrains like high mountains, dreary deserts, dense forests and along oceanic stretches with great ease.
• Very helpful for North-Eastern states.
• The air transport was nationalized in 1953.
• Air India provides International air services while Indian airlines provide domestic services.
• It is also used to provide relief during any natural calamities. Problems
• Expensive
• Dependent on seasonal conditions
International Trade
• The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as trade.
• Trade between two countries is called International trade.
• All the countries are dependent on international trade as availability of resources are regional and its distribution is unequal.
• Import and Export are the component of the trade.
• The balance of trade of a country is the difference between its export and import.
• When the value of export exceeds the value of imports it is called a favourable balance of trade.
• On the contrary if the value of import exceeds the value of export, it is termed as unfavourable balance of trade.
Transport and communications are supplementary to each other
• Efficiency of transportation and communication converted the world into a global village.
• Connection of local and foreign trade accelerated the development of economy of the world.
• Lives of the people become more comfortable.
Tourism as a Trade
• More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry.
• It promotes national integration and provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits.
• Helps in the development of international understanding about our culture and heritage.
• Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, eco tourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism and business tourism.
• Thus it also increases the national income in foreign exchange.
Important Airports of India
Objective Type Questions
Question. Which one of the following means of transport is used for carrying solids in a slurry form?
(a) Trucks
(b) Railways
(c) Pipelines
(d) Ships
Answer : Option (c) is correct
Question. Which one of the following is the most important mode of transportation in India?
(a) Pipeline
(b) Railways
(c) Roadways
(d) Airways
Answer : Option (b) is correct.
Question. Which one of the following states has the Highest Road Density?
(a) Goa
(b) Kerala
(c) Karnataka
(d) Gujarat
Answer : Option (b) is correct.
Question. Which mode of transportation reduces transshipment losses and delays?
(a) Railways
(b) Pipeline
(c) Roadways
(d) Waterways
Answer : Option (b) is correct.
Question. Study the picture given below and answer the question that follows:
(a) Super Highway
(b) State Highway
(c) Expressway
(d) National Highway
Answer : Option (c) is correct.
Question.
(a) (i)-(c), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(b)
(b) (i)-(c), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(b)
(c) (i)-(d), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(c)
(d) (i)-(b), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(a)
Answer : Option (b) is correct.
Question. Study the below given information and identify the correct option in reference to it from among the given options:
Since the ancient period, India was one of the seafaring countries. Its seamen sailed far and near, thus, carrying and spreading Indian commerce and culture. Waterways are the cheapest means of transport. They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods.
(a) Roadways
(b) Waterways
(c) Highways
(d) Airways
Answer : Option (b) is correct.
Question. Find the incorrect option from the following:
(a) Export and Import are the components of trade.
(b) The balance of Trade of a Country is the addition of its Export and Import.
(c) When the value of Exports exceeds the value of imports, it is called a Favourable Balance of Trade.
(d) On the contrary, if the value of Imports exceeds the value of Exports, it is termed as Unfavourable Balance of Trade.
Answer : Option (b) is correct.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question. Why was Haldia Sea Port set up?
Answer : It was set up as a subsidiary Port to relieve growing pressure on the Kolkata Port.
Question. Suggest any one way to promote tourism in India.
Answer : Preserving historical monuments, promoting festivals to enhance Indian tradition, etc.
Question. What are the two major means of land transport?
Answer : Roadways and Railways.
Question. Define Unfavourable Balance of Trade.
Answer : When the value of imports exceeds the value of exports, it is termed as Unfavourable balance of trade.
Question. Name the river related to National Waterways No. 2.
Answer : The river related to National Waterway No.2 is River Brahmaputra.
Question. What are First-Class Mails?
Answer : Mail that is airlifted between stations are called First Class Mails.
Question. Why was Jawaharlal Nehru Port developed?
Answer : To decongest the Mumbai Port and serve as a Hub Port for the region.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question. Describe any three features of Waterways in India.
Answer : Features of Waterways in India are:
(i) India has been one of the seafaring countries.
(ii) Seamen sailed far and near; carrying and spreading Indian commerce and culture.
(iii) Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
(iv) They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods over a long distance.
(v) It is fuel-efficient and environment friendly mode of transport.
Question. Explain the ways in which Tourism promotes the related Industries and services of the destination-country.
Answer : Tourism promotes various Industries like Handicraft industry, Sculpture, Sea-shell, Regional Handloom among others. Indian Handicraft and Handloom in particular hold a special attraction for the Western Tourists. Hospitality in the service sectors is benefited immensely by tourism. Also, transportation services reap the benefits of tourism. Over 2.6 million foreign tourists visit India every year. For example, tourism contributed 14,000 crore rupees to the Indian exchequer in the year 2000 and generated employment for 15 million people directly engaged in the Tourism Industry.
Question. Explain the importance of railways as the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India.
Answer : The importance of Railways as the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India is:
(i) Railways make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods.
(ii) It is suitable for long distance travel.
(iii) Plays an important role in national integration.
(iv) Railways bind the economic life of the country.
(v) It accelerates the development of the Industry and Agriculture.
Question. Examine with the example the role of means of transport and communication in making our life prosperous and comfortable.
Answer : Role of means of transport and communication:
(i) Efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development.
(ii) Today the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast- moving transport.
(iii) Today, India is well-linked with the rest of the world despite its large size.
(iv) Railways, Airways, Waterways, Newspapers, Radio, Television, Cinema and Internet, etc., have been contributing to the socio-economic progress in many ways.
(v) The trades from local to international levels have added to the vitality of its economy.
Question. Explain any three major problems faced by Indian Railways.
Answer : Problems faced by Indian Railways are:
(i) It lacks repair and maintenance of tracks and bridges.
(ii) Shifting from one gauge to another is a problem.
(iii) Rail traffic has increased and the old tracks are not able to carry the increased load and thus, accidents are frequent.
(iv) Many Passengers travel without tickets, causing loss to the Railways.
Question. Describe the significance of Tourism as a Trade in India.
Answer : Significance of tourism as a trade in India are:
(i) Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades.
(ii) Foreign tourist’s arrival has witnessed an increase, thus contributing to foreign exchange.
(iii) More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry.
(iv) It provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits.
(v) Tourism also promotes national integration.
Question. What are Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways? Mention any two objectives of this project. The North-South and East-West Corridors join which terminal cities?
Answer : (i) The Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways is a major road development project linking Delhi – Kolkata – Chennai – Mumbai and Delhi by six-lane Super Highways.
(ii) The two major objectives of this project are to (a) reduce the time and (b) distance between the mega cities of India.
(iii) The North-South Corridor linking Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir) and Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu) and East-West Corridor connecting Silchar (Assam) and Porbandar (Gujarat).
Question. The pace of change in the communication sector has been rapid in modern times.” Support the statement with examples.
Answer : Communication is the act of conveying intended meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules. From the earliest times, human beings have felt the need to communicate with each other. “The pace of change in the communication sector has been rapid in modern times.” The latest advances in communication are about enabling communication over long distances without the need for change in location of the sender or receiver. India’s postal service is the largest of its kind in the world where the services are provided by the department of Posts of Government of India. Similarly, the telecom network in India is the largest in Asia, with about 37,565 telephone exchanges spread all over the country. Radio, television, cinema, books, newspapers, magazines and the Internet serve the dual purpose of providing entertainment and information to the masses.
Question. What is pipeline transportation? Write two merits and demerits of the same.
Answer : Pipeline transport network is the new mode of transport these days. In the past, pipelines were used to transport water to cities and industries. Now, these are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to Refineries, Fertiliser Factories and big Thermal Power Plants. Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into a slurry.
Merits:
(i) Useful in transporting liquids and solid slurry from faraway locations.
(ii) Subsequent running costs after laying down the network are minimal.
Demerits:
(i) Initial cost of laying pipelines is high.
(ii) Pipelines can burst or can have leakage leading to wastage of valuable resources like water, mineral oil, etc.
Question. What is the difference between Personal commu- nication and Mass communication? State any two points of importance of Mass communication.
Answer : Personal communication means a communica- tion between two persons either through an oral, letter or through telephone etc., while Mass communication includes the use of radio, television, press, films, etc., for a wider public audience.
The importance of mass communication is:
(i) It provides entertainment.
(ii) It creates awareness among people about various national programmes and policies.
Question. Elaborate any three advantages of Railways in India.
Answer : Advantages of Railways in India are as follows:
(i) It is both convenient and safer to travel long distances by Railways.
(ii) They give employment to a large number of people.
(iii) Railways also make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like Business, Sightseeing and Pilgrimage along with Transportation of goods over longer distances.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question. What is Mass communication? What are the different means of Mass communication? What is the significance of mass communication in a country like India?
Answer : (a) Mass communication: Mass communication provides entertainment as well as information to a large number of people at the same time. As they are the means of communication with the masses, they are known as mass communication. Means (like electronic media) which covers a large number of people at the same time.
(b) Different means of communication are Radio, Television, Films and the Internet, Newspapers and magazines.
(c) Significance of mass communication is presented in the following points:
(i) Covers more than 95% of India’s total population.
(ii) Source of Education and Entertainment.
(iii) Most instant means of Mass information.
(iv) Brings all classes of people together.
Question. Explain any five merits of Air transport.
Answer : Merits of air transport are:
(i) It is the most comfortable mode of transport.
(ii) It is the fastest mode.
(iii) It is the prestigious mode of transport.
(iv) It can cover very difficult terrains like high mountain and dreary deserts.
(v) Dense forests and oceans are not problems for air transport. It covers them with great ease.
Question. “Advancement of International Trade of a Country is an Index to its economic prosperity”. Elaborate with examples.
OR
‘‘The advancement of international trade of a country is an index of its economic development.’’ Justify the statement.
OR
“No country can survive without International trade in the present global World.” Explain the statement.
Answer : Advancement of International Trade:
(i) Trade between two countries through sea, air or land route helps in the development of the country.
(ii) No country can survive without International Trade.
(iii) Export and import are the components of trade.
(iv) Commodities in export include Agriculture and Allied products, Ores and Minerals, Gems and Jewellery, etc.
(v) The commodities imported to India include petroleum and its products, precious stones, chemicals etc.
Question. Highlight any five features of Hazira–Vijaipur–Jagdishpur gas pipeline.
Answer : (i) This pipeline is about 1700 km long.
(ii) Hazira–Vijaipur–Jagdishpur cross country gas pipeline links Mumbai High and Bassein with the fertilizer, power and industrial complexes in western and northern India.
(iii) This artery has provided an impetus to India‘s gas production.
(iv) The power and fertilizer industries are the key users of natural gas.
(v) Use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) for vehicles to replace liquid fuels is gaining wide popularity in the country.
Question. “Road transport and Rail transport in India are not competitive but complementary to each other.” Justify the statement.
Answer : The statement ‘Road Transport’ and ‘Rail Transport’ in India are not competitive, but complementary to each other is justified in the following ways:
(i) Road transport is more suitable for short distances, whereas rail transport is more suitable for long distances.
(ii) Road transport is economical in the transportation of a few persons and a relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances, whereas rail transport is more suitable for large number of people and heavy goods.
(iii) It is beneficial for perishable goods to be carried by roads in short period of time, whereas nonperishable and bulky are transported by railways for a longer distance.
(iv) Road transport increases the efficiency of Railways.
(vi) The deficiency of Railways is compensated by Road transport.
Question. Describe the role of Mass communication in India.
Answer : (i) Mass communication provides entertainment.
(ii) Creates awareness among people about various national programmes and policies. It includes Radio, Television, Newspapers, Magazines, Books and Films.
(iii) All India Radio (Akashwani) broadcasts a variety of Programmes in National, Regional and Local languages.
(iv) Doordarshan broadcasts programmes of Entertainment, Education, Sports, etc., for people of different age groups.
(v) India publishes a large number of newspapers and Periodicals annually.
(vi) Newspapers are published in about 100 languages and dialects to create awareness among people in different parts of the country.
(vii) India produces short films; video feature films and video short films.
(viii) Mass media creates awareness among people on various socio-economic and political issues.
Question. ‘‘Roadways still have an edge over Railways in India.’’ Support the statement with examples.
Answer : Roadways have edge over Railways in India in following ways:
(i) Roads are easy to build and maintain as compared to railways.
(ii) Constructions cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines.
(iii) Roads as compared to railways lines can negotiate higher gradients of slopes easily and as such can traverse mountains like Himalayas.
(iv) Road transport is economical in transportation of people and goods for shorter distances.
(v) Roads provide door-to-door service, which railways cannot do.
(vi) Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport and provide a link between Airports, Sea ports and Railway Stations.
Question. What is the significance of ‘Border Roads’?
Answer : (i) Border Roads Organization was established in 1960.
(ii) It constructs and maintains roads in the bordering areas of India.
(iii) It develops the roads of strategic importance in the northern and the north-eastern border areas.
(iv) These roads have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain.
(v) These roads have enabled the economy to develop in the Border areas.
Question. Explain any five characteristics of Kandla Port.
Answer : Characteristics of Kandla Port:
(i) First port developed soon after India got Independence.
(ii) Reduced the volume of traffic on Mumbai port.
(iii) Tidal port.
(iv) Caters exports and imports of highly productive granary and industrialised states.
(v) Free trade zone.
Question. Classify roads into six classes according to their capacity. What is the role of National Highway Authority of India?
Answer : (a) Roads are classified as given below:
(i) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways reduced the time and distance between the Mega cities of India.
(ii) National Highways connect the State Capitals, Big Cities and Important Ports.
(iii) State Highways join the State Capitals with District Headquarters.
(iv) District Roads connect the district centres with the Major Roads.
(v) Other Rural Roads which link rural areas and villages with towns.
(vi) Border Roads have increased accessibility in areas of difficult terrain.
(b) Role of National Highway Authority in India:
Projects related to Super Highways are being implemented by the NHAI.
Question. What is Trade? Explain the importance of International Trade.
Answer : Trade: The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as trade.
Importance:
(i) International trade of a country is an Index to its economic prosperity.
(ii) It is considered the economic Barometer for a country.
(iii) As the resources are space-bound, no country can survive without international trade.
(iv) Countries have trade relations with the major trading blocks.
(v) Exchange of commodities and goods have been superseded by the Exchange of information and Knowledge.
Question. Name the longest National Waterway of India. Write any three points of importance of Waterways.
Answer : The longest National Waterway of India is the Ganga river between Allahabad and Haldia.
Importance of waterways:
(i) It is most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods.
(ii) It is fuel efficient and environment friendly.
(iii) More than 95% of the country’s trade volume is moved by the sea.
(iv) It is the cheapest means of transport.
(v) They are the natural routes which do not involve cost of construction.
Case Based Questions
I. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Ever since humans appeared on the earth, they have used different means of communication. But, the pace of change has been rapid in modern times. Long distance communication is far easier without physical movement of the communicator or receiver. Personal communication and mass communication including television, radio, press, films, etc., are the major means of communication in the country. The Indian postal network is the largest in the world. It handles parcels as well as personal written communications. Cards and envelopes are considered first-class mail and are airlifted between stations covering both land and air. The second-class mail includes book packets, registered newspapers and periodicals. They are carried by surface mail, covering land and water transport. To facilitate quick delivery of mails in large towns and cities, six mail channels have been introduced recently. They are called Rajdhani Channel, Metro Channel, Green Channel, Business Channel, Bulk Mail Channel and Periodical Channel.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.
1. Which are the major means of communication in the Country?
(a) Personal communication
(b) Mass communication
(c) Interpersonal Communication
(d) Personal and Mass communication
Answer : Option (d) is correct.
2. Book packets, registered newspapers and periodicals are considered ___________ mail.
(a) First class
(b) Second class
(c) Priority
(d) Classified
Answer : Option (b) is correct.
3. Which mail channel is introduced recently by Indian Postal Networks?
(a) Rajdhani Channel
(b) Duronto Channel
(c) Air India Channel
(d) None of the above
Answer : Option (a) is correct.
4. Long distance _________ is far easier without physical movement of the communicator or receiver.
(a) Travelling
(b) Communication
(c) Networking
(d) Living
Answer : Option (b) is correct.
II. Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:
Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport. Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed communication system. Therefore, transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other. Today, India is well-linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size, diversity and linguistic and socio-cultural plurality. Railways, airways, waterways, newspapers, radio, television, cinema and internet, etc., have been contributing to its socio-economic progress in many ways. The trades from local to international levels have added to the vitality of its economy. It has enriched our life and added substantially to growing amenities and facilities for the comforts of life. In this chapter you will see how modern means of transport and communication serve as lifelines of our nation and its modern. For a long time, trade and transport were restricted to a limited space. With the development in science and technology, the area of influence of trade and transport economy. It is thus, evident that a dense and efficient network of transport and communication is a prerequisite for local, national and global trade of today.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.
1. Why is there a need to interlink with the world?
(a) For development
(b) For war and destruction
(c) For isolation
(d) To restrict spread of terrorism
Answer : Option (a) is correct.
2. Infer the importance of means of transportation and communication for socio-economic progress?
(a) Help spread love
(b) Help to grow economy
(c) Help create empathy
(d) None of the above
Answer : Option (b) is correct.
3. How does trade strengthen the economy of a country?
(a) It helps in earning Foreign Exchange.
(b) It helps in student exchange programme.
(c) It helps in increasing cross border interaction.
(d) Promotes respect.
Answer : Option (a) is correct.
4. The trades from local to international levels have added to the vitality of the ___________.
(a) country
(b) community
(c) economy
(d) trade
Answer : Option (c) is correct.
