Chemistry in Everyday Life Class 12 Chemistry Important Questions

Please refer to Chemistry in Everyday Life Class 12 Chemistry Important Questions with solutions provided below. These questions and answers have been provided for Class 12 Chemistry based on the latest syllabus and examination guidelines issued by CBSE, NCERT, and KVS. Students should learn these problem solutions as it will help them to gain more marks in examinations. We have provided Important Questions for Class 12 Chemistry for all chapters in your book. These Board exam questions have been designed by expert teachers of Standard 12.

Class 12 Chemistry Important Questions Chemistry in Everyday Life

Very Short Answer Questions

Question. Give two examples of macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets.
Answer. Drugs interact with macro molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids present in the cell.

Question. What is the following? Give one example.
Antibiotics
Answer. Drugs compete with the natural substrate for their attachment on the active sites of enzymes. Such drugs are called competitive inhibitors. Some drugs do not bind to the enzyme’s active site. Thse bind to a different site of enzyme which is called allosteric site. Ths binding of inhibitor at allosteric site changes the shape of the active site in such a way that substrate can not recognise it. If the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond and cannot be broken easily, then the enzyme is blocked permanently. Th body then degrades the enzymeinhibitor complex and synthesize the new enzyme.

Question. What are antiseptics? Give one example.
Answer. Antiseptics : These are the chemical substances used to prevent the growth of microorganisms or to kill them and are safe to be applied on living tissues. 
These are applied to wounds and cuts. For examples
(i) iodoform (ii) tincture of iodine.

Question. Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills?
Answer.Tranquilizers are used in sleeping pills.

Question. What are limited spectrum antibiotics ? Give one example.
Answer. Antibiotics which are effective against a single organism or disease are called limited spectrum antibiotics. For e.g., Dysidazirine which is toxic towards certain strains of cancer cells.

Question. What is the following substance? Give one example? Tranquillizers 
Answer. Tranquilizers : Those medicines which act on central nervous system and help in reducing anxiety and relieve tension on the nerves are called tranquilizers. For example, valium.

Question. What is the cause of a feeling of depression in human beings? Name a drug which can be useful in treating this depression.
Answer. Low level of noradrenaline is the cause of depression of human being. Equanil is used for treatment.

Question. Determine the following giving one example:
Antacids 
Answer. Antacids : These are the chemical substances which neutralize the excess acid and raise the pH to an appropriate level in the stomach. e.g. Sodium hydrogen carbonate or a mixture of aluminium and magnesium hydroxide are some common antacids.

Question. What is meant by a ‘broad spectrum antibiotic’?
Answer. The antibiotic which is effective against a wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria is known as broad spectrum antibiotic. For example, chloramphenicol.

Question. Name the main constituents of dettol.
Answer. Chloroxylenol and terpineol.

Question. Explain the following type of substance with one suitable example.
Analgesics.
Answer. Analgesics are drugs that reduce pain without causing impairment of consciousness, mental confusion, incoordination or paralysis or some other disturbances of nervous system.
Example : Aspirin, Paracetamol, Morphine etc

Question. Describe the following substance with onesuitable example :
Disinfectants 
Answer. Disinfectants are chemicals which either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms but not safe for living tissues. They are applied on floors, drainage system etc. For e.g., 1% of phenol, low concentration of SO₂ etc.

Question. Define the following term :
Narcotic drugs 
Answer. Narcotic analgesics are pain killers and induce sleep. If taken in high amount they produce coma, convulsions and ultimately, death for e.g. Morphine.

Question. Name a substance that can be used as an antiseptic as well as a disinfectant.
Answer. Phenol : 0.2% solution of phenol acts as an antiseptic whereas 1% solution acts as a disinfectant.

Question. What are the following substance? Give one example?
Food preservatives
Answer. Chemicals which prevent the spoilage of food due to microbial growth are called food preservatives. Table salt, sugar, vegetable oils are some commonly used food preservatives.

Question. Which one of the following is a food preservative?
Equanil, Morphine, Sodium benzoate.
Answer. Sodium benzoate-food preservative. Morphinenarcoti-analgesic equanil-tranquilizer.

Question. Why do we require artificial sweetening agents?
Answer. Artificial sweetening agents are required by diabetic persons and people who need to control intake of calories.

Question. Explain the following terms with one suitable example.
A sweetening agent for diabetic patients
Answer. Sweetening agents : The substances which provide sweetness to the food without increasing the calories to the body are known as artificial sweetening agents. Saccharin and aspartame are artificial sweetening agents.

Question. Define the following term :
Alitame
Answer. Alitame : Alitame is more stable than aspartame. It is very high potency sweetener. Its sweetness is dificult to control hence its use is limited.
It is 2000 times as sweet as cane sugar.

Question. If water contains dissolved Ca²⁺ ions, out of soaps and synthetic detergents, which will you use for cleaning clothes?
Answer. As the water contains dissolved Ca²⁺ ions, therefore it is hard water. Hence, synthetic detergents are preferred over the soaps for cleaning the clothes because calcium salts of detergents are soluble in water while calcium salts of soaps are insoluble. As a result, lot of soap is wasted.

Question. What are the following substance? Give one example?
Synthetic detergents
Answer. Synthetic detergents : Thee are cleansing agents which have all the properties of soaps but actually do not contain any soap. Thee can be used both in so and hard water. e.g., sodium p-dodecylbenzene-sulphonate.

Question. Why do soaps not work in hard water ?
Answer. attracts dirt, grease oil, etc. whereas hydrophilic part (— COONa) attracts water that take oil, dirt and grease. Soaps do not work well with hard water because Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions of hard water react with soap to form magnesium and calcium salts of fatty acids which are insoluble in water and form scum.
2C₁₇H₃₅COONa + CaCl₂ → 2NaCl + (C₁₄ H₃₅COO)₂Ca
                 Soap                                  Insoluble calcium
                                                             stearate (soap)

Question. Explain the following terms with one suitable example? Cationic detergents 
Answer. Cationic detergents : Detergents in which large part of molecules is cation are called cationic detergents. These are quaternary ammonium salts.
e.g. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide

Question. Explain the following term with one example?
Detergents
Answer. Chemical substances which improve cleansing property of water and helps in removal of dirt from skin, fabric or other materials are called detergents.
e.g., sodium dodecyl benzenes sulphonate (SDS).

Question. How are synthetic detergents better than soaps?
Answer. Synthetic detergents are better than soaps because they form foam even in hard water whereas soaps do not. Some of the detergents give foam even in ice cold water.

Question. What are the following substance ? Give one example.
Nonionic detergents
Answer. Non-ionic detergents some detergents like esters of high molecular mass, formed by reaction between polyethylene glycol and stearic acid, are called nonionic detergents. These detergents do not contain any ion in their constitution e.g.,
CH₃(CH₂)₁₆COO(CH₂CH₂O)nCH₂CH₂OH

Question. Define the following term :
Saponification
Answer. Saponification : Soaps containing sodium salts are formed by heating fat with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. This reaction is known as saponification.

Short Answer Questions

Question. Discuss the two ways in which drugs prevent attachment of natural substrate on active site of an enzyme.
Answer. Drugs compete with the natural substrate for their attachment on the active sites of enzymes. Such drugs are called competitive inhibitors. Some drugs do not bind to the enzyme’s active site. These bind to a different site of enzyme which is called allosteric site. This binding of inhibitor at allosteric site changes the shape of the active site in such a way that substrate can not recognise it. If the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond and cannot be broken easily, then the enzyme is blocked permanently. The body then degrades the enzymeinhibitor complex and synthesize the new enzyme.

Question. (i) Define Antihistamine with an example.
(ii) Which one of the following drugs is an antibiotic?
Morphine, Equanil, Chloramphenicol, Aspirin.
Answer. (i) The drugs which prevents the interaction of histamine with the receptors where histamine exerts its effect are called antihistamines. E.g. Synthetic drug brompheniramine (Dimetapp) and terfenadine (Seldane) acts as antihistamines. (ii) Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic.

Question. Label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts in the following molecule of a non-ionic detergent:

Identify the functional groups(s) present in the molecule.
Answer. 

Long Answer Questions

Question. Mention the action of the following on the human body in bringing relief from a disease:
(i) Brompheniramine
(ii) Aspirin
(iii) Equanil
Answer. (i) Brompheniramine acts as antihistamine (antiallergic). It interferes with the natural action of histamine by competing with histamine for binding sites of receptor where histamine exerts its effect.
(ii) Aspirin acts as an analgesic, i.e., used to reduce pain and antipyretic, i.e., brings down the body temperature. Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of compounds which stimulate inflammation in the tissue and cause pain.
(iii) Equanil is used for controlling depression and hypertension.

Question. What are analgesic medicines ? How are they classified and when are they commonly recommended for use ?
Answer. Analgesic medicines : The chemical substances which are used to relieve pain without causing impairment of consciousness are called analgesic medicines. There are two types of analgesic medicines.
(i) Non narcotic drugs : These are effective in relieving skeletal pain, preventing heart attack and viral inammation etc. For e.g., Aspirin and paracetamol.
(ii) Narcotic drugs : These are recommended for the relief in postoperative pain, cardiac pain, pains of terminal cancer, and child birth. These are morphine derivatives and habit forming.

Question. Mention one use each of the following drugs:
(i) Ranitidine
(ii) Paracetamol
(iii) Tincture of iodine.
Answer. (i) Ranitidine is used as an antacid
(ii) Paracetamol is used to bring down the body temperature during high fever.
(iii) Tincture of iodine is used as an antiseptic. It is 2-3% solution of iodine in alcohol and water.

Question. What are the artificial sweetening agents? Give two examples. Name the sweetening agent used in the preparation of sweets for a diabetic patient.
Answer. The chemicals that give sweetness to the food but do not add any calorie to our body are called articial sweetening agents.
e.g., saccharine, aspartame.
Any articial sweetening agent like aspartame, alitame, etc., can be added to the food consumed by diabetic patient.

Question. What are biodegradable and non-biodegradable detergents ? Give one example of each.
Answer. Biodegradable detergents : Detergents having straight chain hydrocarbons are easily decomposed by micro organisms. These are called biodegradable detergents.
Example : Sodium 4- (1, 3, 5, 7 – Tetramethyloctyl) benzene sulphonate.
Non-biodegradable detergents : Detergents having highly branched hydrocarbon chains are not degraded by bacteria easily. These are called nonbiodegradable detergents.
Example : Trimethyl stearyl ammonium chloride.

Question. Due to hectic and busy schedule, Mr. Angad made his life full of tensions and anxiety. He started taking sleeping pills to overcome the depression without consulting the doctor. Mr. Deepak, a close friend of Mr. Angad, advised him to stop taking sleeping pills and suggested to changes his lifestyle by doing Yoga, meditation and some physical exercise. Mr. Angad followed his friend’s advice and aer few days he started feeling better. Aer reading the above passage, answer the following :
(i) What are the values (at least two) displayed by Mr. Deepak?
(ii) Why is it not advisable to take sleeping pills without consulting doctor?
(iii) What are the tanquilizers? Give two examples.
Answer. (i) (a) Mr. Deepak is very much concerned about the healthy life and he knows the benets of doing yoga, meditation and physical exercise.
(b) Mr. Deepak is very good friend and helped Mr. Angad to come out from tensions and anxiety.
(ii) It is not advisable to take sleeping pills without consulting doctor because if they have taken in doses higher than recommended, may produce harmful
effects and act as poison and cause even death.
(iii) Drugs which are used for the treatment of stress fatigue, mild and severe mental disease anxiety, irritability are called tranquilizers.
e.g., Equanil, chlordiazepoxide.

Question. Due to hectic and busy schedule, Mr. Singh started taking junk food in the lunch break and slowly became habitual of eating food irregularly to excel in his field. One day during meeting he felt severe chest pain and fell down. Mr. Khanna, a close friend of Mr. Singh took him to doctor immediately. The doctor diagnosed that Mr. Singh was suffering from acidity and prescribed some medicines. Mr. Khanna advised him to eat home made food and change his lifestyle by doing yoga, meditation and some physical exercise. Mr. Singh followed his friend’s advice and after few days he started feeling good:
After reading the above passage, answer the following :
(i) What are the values (at least two) displayed by Mr. Khanna?
(ii) What are antacids? Give one example.
(iii) Would it be advisable to take antacids for a long period of time? Give reason.
Answer. (i) Mr. Khanna is concerned and caring to his friend. He believes in living healthy life by doing yoga, meditation, physical exercise etc.
(ii) The substances which neutralize the excess acid and raise the pH to an appropriate level in stomach are called antacides e.g., Ranitidine.
(iii) No, it is not advisable to take antacides for a long period because they make the stomach alkaline  and trigger the production of even more acid. Hence, causes more acidity. Moreover, it causes esophageal cancer.

Question. Mr. Roy, the principal of one reputed school organized a seminar in which he invited parents and principals to discuss the serious issue of diabetes and depression in students. They all resolved this issue by strictly banning the junk food in schools and to introduce healthy snacks and drinks like soup, lassi, milk etc. in school canteens. They also decided to make compulsory half an hour physical activities for the students in the morning assembly daily. After six months, Mr. Roy conducted the health survey in most of the schools and discovered a tremendous improvement in the health of students.
After reading the above passage, answer the following:
(i) What are the values (at least two) displayed by Mr. Roy?
(ii) As a student, how can you spread awareness about this issue?
(iii) What are the tranquilizers? Give an example.
(iv) Why is use of aspartame limited to cold foods and drinks?
Answer. (i) Mr. Khanna is concerned and caring to his friend. He believes in living healthy life by doing yoga, meditation, physical exercise etc.
(ii) The substances which neutralize the excess acid and raise the pH to an appropriate level in stomach are called antacides e.g., Ranitidine.
(iii) No, it is not advisable to take antacides for a long period because they make the stomach alkaline  and trigger the production of even more acid. Hence, causes more acidity. Moreover, it causes esophageal cancer.

Question. Seeing the growing cases of diabetes and depression among young children, Mr. Lugani, the principal of one reputed school organized a seminar in which he invited parents and principals. They all resolved this issue by strictly banning junk food in schools and introducing healthy snacks and drinks like soup, lassi, milk, etc. in school canteens. They also decided to make compulsory half an hour of daily physical activities for the students in the morning assembly. After six months, Mr. Lugani conducted the health survey in most of the schools and discovered a tremendous improvement in the health of the students. After reading the above passage, answer the following questions :
(i) What are the values (at least two) displayed by Mr. Lugani?
(ii) As a student, how can you spread awareness about this issue?
(iii) What are antidepressant drugs? Give an example.
(iv) Name the sweetening agent used in the preparation of sweets for a diabetic patient.
Answer. (i) Two values displayed by Mr. Lugani are
(a) He showed concern about the health of students and banned junk food.
(b) He took the responsibility of improving the health of students and introduced half an hour compulsory physical activity in the morning assembly.
(ii) Awareness about this issue can be spread by organizing awareness camps in our society, using social media etc.
(iii) Chemicals used for the treatment of depression are called antidepressant drugs or tranquillizers. e.g., phenelzine
(iv) Saccharin is the sweetener used in the preparation of sweets for a diabetic person.