Principles of Inheritance and Variation HOTs Class 12 Biology

Please refer to Principles of Inheritance and Variation HOTs Class 12 Biology provided below with solutions. All HOTs for Class 12 Biology with answers provided below have been designed as per the latest syllabus and examination petter issued by CBSE, NCERT, KVS. Students of Standard 12 Biology should learn the solved HOTS for Class 12 Biology provided below to gain better marks in examinations.

Principles of Inheritance and Variation Class 12 Biology HOTs

Question. The tendency of offspring to differ from their parents is called
(a) variation
(b) heredity
(c) inheritance
(d) resemblance

Question. Mendel’s hybridisation experimental material was
(a) Pisum sativum
(b) Lathyrus odoratus
(c) Oryza sativa
(d) Mirabilis jalapa

Question. In a marriage between male with blood group A and female with blood group B, the progeny had either blood group AB or B. What could be the possible genotype of parents? 
(a) I i A (Male) : I I B B (Female)
(b) I I A A (Male) : I I B B (Female)
(c) I I A A (Male) : I i B (Female)
(d) I i A (Male) : I i B (Female)

Question. According to Mendel’s observation, which generation of progeny always represents the phenotype of the dominant parent?
(a) F4
(b) F2
(c) F1
(d) F0

Question. The Mendel crossed true breeding tall and dwarf plant varieties in his experiment. Tallness was the dominant character and dwarfness was recessive. The recessive character appeared in
(a) F1
(b) F2
(c) F3
(d) F2 and F3

Question. Which one from those given below is the period of Mendel’s hybridisation experiments? 
(a) 1856-1863
(b) 1840-1850
(c) 1857-1869
(d) 1870-1877

Question. Among the following characters, which one was not considered by Mendel in his experiments on pea?
(a) Stem – Tall or Dwarf
(b) Trichomes – Glandular or Non-glandular
(c) Seed – Green or Yellow
(d) Pod – Inflated or Constricted

Question. Which is correct about traits choosen by Mendel for his experiment on pea plant?
(a) Terminal pod was dominant
(b) Constricted pod was dominant
(c) Green coloured pod was dominant
(d) Tall plants were recessive

Question. What contributed to Mendel’s success?
I. Selection of pureline pea varieties.
II. Knowledge of history.
III. Selecting one character at a time.
IV. Statistical analysis and mathematical logic.
Choose the correct option.
(a) I, II, III and IV
(b) II and III
(c) I, III and IV
(d) II, III and IV

Question. Genetics is the branch of biology which deals with
(a) variation
(b) inheritance
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) study of characters

Question. The inheritance of characters from parents to offspring is
(a) variation
(b) heredity
(c) inheritance
(d) resemblance

Question. The first hybrid progeny obtained by Mendel were called
(a) F1-progeny
(b) F0-progeny
(c) F2-progeny
(d) F3-progeny

Question. F1-progeny of a cross between pure tall and dwarf plant is always
(a) tall
(b) short
(c) intermediate
(d) None of these

Question. How did Mendel obtained recessive (dwarf) character in F2-generation?
(a) By self-pollinating F1
(b) By self-pollinating F2
(c) By cross-pollinating F1
(d) By cross-pollinating F2

Question. 3:1 ratio in F2-generation is explained by
(a) law of partial dominance
(b) law of dominance
(c) law of incomplete dominance
(d) law of purity of gametes

Question. The law of dominance is applicable in inheritance of
(a) seed colour in pea
(b) flower colour in Mirabilis jalapa
(c) starch grain size in pea
(d) roan coat colour in cattles

Question. Mendel crossed tall and dwarf plants. In F2-generation both the tall and dwarf plants were produced. This shows
(a) blending of characters
(b) atavism
(c) non-blending of characters
(d) intermediate characters

Question. In Mendel’s experiments with garden pea, round seed shape (RR) was dominant over wrinkled seeds (rr) and yellow colour (YY) was dominant over green colour (yy). What are the expected phenotypes in the F1-generation of the cross RRYY × rryy?
(a) Only round seeds with yellow cotyledons
(b) Only wrinkled seeds with yellow cotyledons
(c) Only wrinkled seeds with green cotyledons
(d) Round seeds with yellow cotyledons and wrinkled seeds with yellow cotyledons

Question. In cross between pure breeding pea plants having yellow round (YYRR) and green wrinkled (yyrr) seeds, find out the total seeds (plants) having yellow colour in F2-generation.
(a) 12
(b) 10
(c) 14
(d) 11

Question. During his experiments, Mendel used the term factor for
(a) genes
(b) traits
(c) characters
(d) qualities

Question. Genes which codes for a pair of contrasting characters are
(a) recessive character
(b) dominant character
(c) alleles
(d) alternative gene

Question. How many pairs of true breeding varieties were selected by Mendel for his experiment on pea plant?
(a) 12
(b) 13
(c) 14
(d) 15

Question. Out of 7 contrasting trait pairs selected by Mendel, how many traits were dominant and recessive?
(a) 7 and 7
(b) 8 and 6
(c) 6 and 8
(d) 5 and 9

Question. Choose the incorrect match.
(a) Phenotype – Physical appearance of an organism
(b) Genotype – Expressed genes
(c) Homozygous – Identical alleles of a gene present at the same locus
(d) Heterozygous – Genes of an allelic pair are not same

Question. Number of gametes produced by a homozygous and a heterozygous individuals of genotype AA and Aa, respectively are
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 5
(d) many

Question. A cross in which parents differ in a single pair of contrasting character is called
(a) monohybrid cross
(b) dihybrid cross
(c) trihybrid cross
(d) tetrahybrid cross

Question. Mendel investigated characters in garden pea plant manifested in two traits which were
(a) similar
(b) non-zygote
(c) identical
(d) opposite
Answer : D

Question. Atrue breeding line is characterised by the presence of
(a) stable trait inheritance due to the continuous selfpollination
(b) varying traits in different generations due to the cross pollination
(c) single trait in all generations due to allogamy
(d) varying trait inheritance in a single generation due to geitonogamy

Question. The phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross in F2-generation is
(a) 3 : 1
(b) 1 : 2 : 1
(c) 2 : 1 : 1
(d) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1

Question. In human blood group inheritance
(a) IA and IB are codominant
(b) IA and IB are dominant over i
(c) IA is dominant over IB
(d) Both (a) and (b)

Question. If two persons with ‘AB’ blood group marry and have sufficiently large number of children, these children could be classified as ‘A’ blood group : ‘AB’ blood group : ‘B’ blood group in 1 : 2 : 1 ratio. Modern technique of protein electrophoresis reveals presence of both ‘A’ and ‘B’ type proteins in ‘AB’ blood group individuals. This is an example of 
(a) codominance
(b) incomplete dominance
(c) partial dominance
(d) complete dominance

Question. The genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross in F2-generation is
(a) 3 : 1
(b) 1 : 2 : 1
(c) 2 : 1 : 1
(d) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1

Question.  F2-generation in a Mendelian cross showed that both genotypic and phenotypic ratios are same as 1 : 2 : 1.
It represents a case of 
(a) codominance
(b) dihybrid cross
(c) monohybrid cross with complete dominance
(d) monohybrid cross with incomplete dominance

Question. If the male plant has the genotype TT and the female plant has the genotype tt then they contribute pollenand e gg, respectively with
(a) T and T gametes
(b) tt and TT gametes
(c) TT and tt gametes
(d) T and t gametes

Question. The types of gametes formed by the genotype RrYy are
(a) RY, Ry, rY, ry
(b) RY, Ry, ry, ry
(c) Ry, Ry, Yy, ry
(d) Rr, RR, Yy, YY

Question. In law of independent assortment how many factors are involved (for a dihybrid cross)
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 1

Question. Graphical representation to calculate the probability of all possible genotype of an offspring in genetic cross is called
(a) Bunett square
(b) Morgan square
(c) Punnett square
(d) Mendel square

Question. Test cross involves a cross between
(a) recessive F1-plant and dominant F2-plant
(b) recessive F2-plant and dominant F3-plant
(c) dominant F2-plant and recessive parent plants
(d) dominant F2-plant and heterozygous parent plants

Question. Mendel performed test cross to know the
(a) genotype of F1
(b) genotype of F2
(c) genotype of F3
(d) genotype of F4

Question. When alleles of two contrasting characters are present together and one of the character expresses itself during the cross while the other remains hidden gives the
(a) law of purity of gametes
(b) law of segregation
(c) law of dominance
(d) law of independent assortment

Question. Correctly select the genotype and phenotype of F1-generation (R = dominant and red, r = recessive and white) from the given cross in plant snapdragon showing incomplete dominance.
(a) Rr and white
(b) Rr and red
(c) Rr and pink
(d) cannot predict