MCQ Questions Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Application Class 12 Biology

Please refer to MCQ Questions Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Application Class 12 Biology with answers provided below. These multiple-choice questions have been developed based on the latest NCERT book for class 12 Biology issued for the current academic year. We have provided MCQ Questions for Class 12 Biology for all chapters on our website. Students should learn the objective based questions for Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Application in Class 12 Biology provided below to get more marks in exams.

Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Application MCQ Questions

Please refer to the following Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Application MCQ Questions Class 12 Biology with solutions for all important topics in the chapter.

MCQ Questions Answers for Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Application Class 12 Biology

Question- Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals which contain insecticidal protein. This protein
(a) binds with epithelial cells of midgut of the insect pest ultimately killing it
(b) is coded by several genes including the gene cry
(c) is activated by acid pH of the foregut of the insect pest
(d) does not kill the carrier bacterium which is itself resistant to this toxin

Question- What triggers activation of protoxin to active toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in bollworm?
(a) Acidic pH of stomach
(b) Body temperature
(c) Moist surface of midgut
(d) Alkaline pH of gut 

Question- Read the following four statements (A-D) about certain mistakes in two of them.
(A) The first transgenic buffalo, Rosie produced milk which was human alpha-lactalbumin enriched.
(B) Restriction enzymes are used in isolation of DNA from other macromolecules.
(C) Downstream processing is one of the steps of rDNA technology.
(D) Disarmed pathogen vectors are also used in transfer of rDNA into the host.
Which of the two statements have mistakes?
(a) B and C
(b) C and D
(c) A and C
(d) A and B

Question-  Transgenic plants are the ones
(a) generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell and regenerating a plant from that cell
(b) produced after protoplast fusion in artificial medium
(c) grown in artificial medium after hybridization in the field
(d) produced by a somatic embryo in artificial medium

Question- Which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) In man insulin is synthesised as a proinsulin
(b) The proinsulin has an extra peptide called C-peptide
(c) The functional insulin has A and B chains linked together by hydrogen bonds.
(d) Genetically engineered insulin is produced in E.Coli

Question- Golden rice is a genetically modified crop plant where the incorporated gene is meant for biosynthesis of
(a) omega 3
(b) vitamin A
(c) vitamin B
(d) vitamin C

Question- Main objective of production/use of herbicide resistant GM crops is to
(a) encourage eco-friendly herbicides
(b) reduce herbicide accumulation in food articles for health safety
(c) eliminate weeds from the field without the use of manual labour
(d) eliminate weeds from the field without the use of herbicides

Question- Which of the following Bt crops is being grown in India by the farmers?
(a) Brinjal
(b) Soybean
(c) Maize
(d) Cotton 

Question- Golden rice is a promising transgenic crop. When released for cultivation, it will help in
(a) producing a petrol-like fuel from rice
(b) alleviation of vitamin A deficiency
(c) pest resistance
(d) herbicide tolerance

Question- Tobacco plants resistant to a nematode have been developed by the introduction of DNA that produces (in the host cells)
(a) both sense and anti-sense RNA
(b) a particular hormone
(c) an antifeedant
(d) a toxic protein

Question- The process of RNA interference (RNAi) has been used in the development of plants resistant to
(a) nematodes
(b) fungi
(c) viruses
(d) insects

Question- Which part of the tobacco plant is infected by Meloidogyne incognita?
(a) Stem
(b) Root
(c) Flower
(d) Leaf 

Question- Silencing of mRNA has been used in producing transgenic plants resistant to
(a) boll worms
(b) nematodes
(c) white rusts
(d) bacterial blights

Question-  Production of a human protein in bacteria by genetic engineering is possible because
(a) the human chromosome can replicate in bacterial cell
(b) the mechanism of gene regulation is identical in humans and bacteria
(c) bacterial cell can carry out the RNA splicing reactions
(d) the genetic code is universal

Question- Some of the characteristics of Bt cotton are
(a) long fibre and resistance to aphids
(b) medium yield, long fibre and resistance to beetle pests
(c) high yield and production of toxic protein crystals which kill dipteran pests
(d) high yield and resistance to bollworms

Question- In transgenics, expression of transgene in target tissue is determined by
(a) enhancer
(b) transgene
(c) promoter
(d) reporter

Question- An improved variety of transgenic basmati rice
(a) does not require chemical fertilizers and growth hormones
(b) gives high yield and is rich in vitamin A
(c) is completely resistant to all insect pests and diseases of paddy
(d) gives high yield but has no characteristic aroma

Question- Cry I endotoxins obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis are effective against
(a) nematodes
(b) bollworms
(c) mosquitoes
(d) flies

Question- What is true about Bt toxin?
(a) Bt protein exists as active toxin in the Bacillus.
(b) The activated toxin enters the ovaries of the pest to sterilise it and thus prevent its multiplication.
(c) The concerned Bacillus has antitoxins.
(d) The inactive protoxin gets converted into active form in the insect gut

Question- The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is widely used in contemporary biology as
(a) insecticide
(b) agent for production of dairy products
(c) source of industrial enzyme
(d) indicator of water pollution

Question- In Bt cotton, the Bt toxin present in plant tissue as protoxin is converted into active toxin due to
(a) action of gut microorganisms
(b) presence of conversion factors in insect gut
(c) alkaline pH of the insect gut
(d) acidic pH of the insect gut 

Question- Which of the following is true for Golden rice?
(a) It has yellow grains, because of a gene introduced from a primitive variety of rice.
(b) It is vitamin A enriched, with a gene from daffodil.
(c) It is pest resistant, with a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis.
(d) It is drought tolerant, developed using Agrobacterium vector.

Question- RNA interference involves
(a) synthesis of cDNA and RNA using reverse transcriptase
(b) silencing of specific mRNA due to complementary RNA
(c) interference of RNA in synthesis of DNA
(d) synthesis of mRNA from DNA

Question- A transgenic food crop which may help in solving the problem of night blindness in developing countries is
(a) Bt soybean
(b) Golden rice
(c) Flavr Savr tomatoes
(d) Starlink maize

Question- Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains have been used for designing novel
(a) biofertilizers
(b) bio-metallurgical techniques
(c) bio-mineralization processes
(d) bioinsecticidal plants

Question- The transgenic animals are those which have
(a) foreign RNA in all its cells
(b) foreign DNA in some of its cells
(c) foreign DNA in all its cells
(d) both (a) and (b)

Question- In RNAi, the genes are silenced using
(a) ds-RNA
(b) ss-DNA
(c) ss-RNA
(d) ds-DNA

 Question- Use of bioresources by multinational companies and organisations without authorisation from the concerned country and its people is called
(a) bio-infringement
(b) biopiracy
(c) biodegradation
(d) bioexploitation

Question- Which kind of therapy was given in 1990 to a fouryear- old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency?
(a) Gene therapy
(b) Chemotherapy
(c) Immunotherapy
(d) Radiation therapy

Question- The crops engineered for glyphosate are resistant/ tolerant to
(a) insects
(b) herbicides
(c) fungi
(d) bacteria

Question- The two polypeptides of human insulin are linked together by
(a) covalent bond
(b) disulphide bridges
(c) hydrogen bonds
(d) phosphodiester bond

Question- Bt cotton variety that was developed by the introduction of toxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is resistant to
(a) insect pests
(b) fungal diseases
(c) plant nematodes
(d) insect predators

Question- The first clinical gene therapy was given for treating
(a) diabetes mellitus
(b) chicken pox
(c) rheumatoid arthritis
(d) adenosine deaminase deficiency

Question- Consumption of which one of the following foods can prevent the kind of blindness associated with vitamin ‘A’ deficiency?
(a) ‘Flavr Savr’ tomato
(b) Canolla
(c) Golden rice
(d) Bt-Brinjal 

Question- Which one of the following is now being commercially produced by biotechnological procedures?
(a) Nicotine
(b) Morphine
(c) Quinine
(d) Insulin 

Question- What is antisense technology?
(a) When a piece of RNA that is complementary in sequence is used to stop expression of a specific gene
(b) RNA polymerase producing DNA
(c) A cell displaying a foreign antigen used for synthesis of antigens
(d) Production of somaclonal variants in tissue cultures

Question- The genetic defect–adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency may be cured permanently by
(a) administering adenosine deaminase activators
(b) introducing bone marrow cells producing ADA into cells at early embryonic stages
(c) enzyme replacement therapy
(d) periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes having functional ADA cDNA

Question- ELISA is used to detect viruses where the key reagent is
(a) alkaline phosphatase
(b) catalase
(c) DNA probe
(d) RNase

Question- The genetically-modified (GM) brinjal in India has been developed for
(a) insect-resistance
(b) enhancing shelf life
(c) enhancing mineral content
(d) drought-resistance

Question- The term ‘humulin’ is used for
(a) hydrolytic enzyme
(b) powerful antibiotic
(c) human insulin
(d) isoenzyme

Question- Hybridoma cells are
(a) only cells having oncogenes
(b) product of spore formation in bacteria
(c) nervous cells of frog
(d) hybrid cells resulting from myeloma cells

Question- Maximum number of existing transgenic animals is of
(a) fish
(b) mice
(c) cow
(d) pig

Question- Genetic engineering has been successfully used for producing
(a) transgenic mice for testing safety of polio vaccine before use in humans
(b) transgenic models for studying new treatments for certain cardiac diseases
(c) transgenic cow-Rosie which produces high fat milk for making ghee
(d) animals like bulls for farm work as they have super power

Question- Golden rice is a transgenic crop of the future with the following improved trait
(a) insect resistance
(b) high lysine (essential amino acid) content
(c) high protein content
(d) high vitamin-A content

Question- Which one of the following vectors is used to replace the defective gene in gene therapy?
(a) Adenovirus
(b) Cosmid
(c) Ri plasmid
(d) Ti plasmid

Question- A ‘new’ variety of rice was patented by a foreign company, though such varieties have been present in India for a long time. This is related to
(a) Co-667
(b) Sharbati Sonora
(c) Lerma Rojo
(d) Basmati

Question- Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of
(a) Rhizobium
(b) Saccharomyces
(c) Escherichia
(d) Mycobacterium

Question- In India, the organisation responsible for assessing the safety of introducing genetically modified organisms for public use is
(a) Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
(b) Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
(c) Research Committee on Genetic Manipulation (RCGM)
(d) Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC)

Question- Maximum application of animal cell culture technology today is in the production of
(a) insulin
(b) interferons
(c) vaccines
(d) edible proteins

Question- Which body of the Government of India regulates GM research and safety of introducing GM organisms for public services?
(a) Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
(b) Research Committee on Genetic Manipulation
(c) Bio-safety committee
(d) Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Question- The first transgenic crop was
(a) tobacco
(b) cotton
(c) pea
(d) flax

Question- The first human hormone produced by recombinant DNA technology is
(a) insulin
(b) estrogen
(c) thyroxin
(d) progesterone

Question. Human proteins can be produced in the milk or semen of farm animals. True or false?       
(a) True
(b) False, proteins cannot be produced in milk
(c) False, proteins cannot be produced in semen
(d) False, animals are not used for protein production

Question. Which of the following Bt crops is being grown in India by the farmers?         
(a) Brinjal
(b) Soybean
(c) Maize
(d) Cotton

Question. Consumption of which one of the following foods can prevent the kind of blindness associated with vitamin ‘A’ deficiency?             
(a) ‘Flavr Savr’ tomato
(b) Canolla
(c) Golden rice
(d) Bt-brinjal

Question. The genetic defect, adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency may be cured permanently by      
(a) administering adenosine deaminase through injection
(b) bone marrow transplantation
(c) enzyme replacement therapy
(d) introducing isolated gene from marrow cells producing ADA into the cells at early embryonic stages   

Question. Some of the characteristics of Bt cotton are           
(a) long fibre and resistance to aphids
(b) medium yield, long fibre and resistance to beetle pests
(c) high yield and production of toxic protein crystals which kill dipteran pests
(d) high yield and resistance to bollworms.

Question. An improved variety of transgenic basmati rice               
(a) does not require chemical fertilisers and growth hormones
(b) gives high yield and is rich in vitamin A
(c) is completely resistant to all insect pests and diseases of paddy
(d) gives high yield but has no characteristic aroma.   

   

Question. During the processing of the prohormone “proinsulin” into the mature “insulin”           
(a) C-peptide is added to proinsulin
(b) C-peptide is removed from proinsulin
(c) B-peptide is added to proinsulin
(d) B-peptide is removed from proinsulin.

Question. Maximum number of existing transgenic animals is of             
(a) fish
(b) mice
(c) cow
(d) pig.

Question. Genetic engineering has been successfully used for producing           
(a) transgenic mice for testing safety of polio vaccine before use in humans
(b) transgenic models for studying new treatments for certain cardiac diseases
(c) transgenic cow-Rosie which produces high fat milk for making ghee
(d) animals like bulls for farm work as they have super power.

Question. In India, the organisation responsible for assessing the safety of introducing genetically modified organisms for public use is               
(a) Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
(b) Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
(c) Research Committee on Genetic Manipulation (RCGM)
(d) Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC).

Case-based MCQs

Attempt any four sub-parts from each question. Each sub-part carries 1 mark.
I. Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same :
Excessive exploitation of species, whether a plant or animal reduces the size of its population, so it becomes vulnerable to extinction. Such as Dodo and passenger pigeon have become extinct due to over exploitation by humAnswer : Thus, the world is facing accelerated rates of species extinctions, largely due to human interference.

Question. ___________is the first major cause of species extinction.
(a) Coextinction
(b) Over exploitation
(c) Habitat destruction
(d) Alien species invasion
Answer : (c)

Question. The species that have become extinct due to over exploitation is/are :
(a) Stellar’s sea cow
(b) Yucca moth
(c) Blatta orientalis
(d) Nile Perch
Answer : (a)

Direction : In the following questions a statement of Assertion (a) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as :
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true.

Question. Assertion : Pollution reduces species biodiversity.
Reason : Spillover of oil in sea causes death of several marine animals.
Answer : (c)

Question. Identify a cause of biodiversity loss that is not included in evil quartet?
(a) Co-extinction
(b) Pollution
(c) Alien species invasion
(d) Habitat loss and fragmentation
Answer : (b)

Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same :
India is divided into 10 biogeographical regions. 
Varying physical conditions and species grouping.
India has rich species diversity. Tropics are rich centre of biodiversity. Warm temperature, high humidity in tropical areas provide favourable conditions throughout the years. Rich diversity is important for stability, productivity for ecosystems.

Question. Which among the following represents diversity at ecosystem level ?
(a) Genetic diversity
(b) Ecological diversity
(c) Species diversity
(d) Species evenness
Answer : (b)

Question. Which of the following taxon shows maximum species diversity ?
(a) Fishes
(b) Beetles
(c) Orchids
(d) Ants.
Answer : (b)

Question. What is the approximate ratio of animals andplant  species in our country ?
(a) 3 : 1
(b) 2 : 1
(c) 1 : 3
(d) 1 : 2
Answer : (b)

Question. Which group represents minimum species diversity among vertebrates ?
(a) Birds
(b) Mammals
(c) Reptiles
(d) Amphibians
Answer : (d)

Directions : In the following questions a statement of Assertion (a) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as :
(a) Both Assertion (a) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (a).
(b) Both Assertion (a) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (a).
(c) Assertion (a) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (a) is false but reason (R) is true.

Question. Assertion (a) : Tropics have more biodiversity.
Reason (R) : Climate of tropical region is more seasonal.
Answer : (c)

Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same :
Pollution, climate changes, over-exploitation by human etc., are responsible for changes in the ecosystem. Change in an ecosystem is responsible for depletion in biodiversity which directly or indirectly affects human beings and their surrounding. So, it is important to conserve the biodiversity. There are various methods like in-situ conservation, exsitu
conservation by which we can conserve our biodiversity.

Question. How many biodiversity hot-spots are identified globally ?
(a) 20
(b) 3
(c) 36
(d) 50
Answer : (c)

Question. Main cause of extinction of animals and plants is :
(a) Habitat loss and fragmentation
(b) Competition between species
(c) Over-exploitation
(d) Alien species invasion.
Answer : (a)

Question. Protected areas are example of
(a) In-situ conservation
(b) Ex-situ conservation
(c) Cryopreservation
(d) Green houses.
Answer : (a)

Question. Name the National Aquatic Animal of India ?
(a) Sea-horse
(b) Gangetic shark
(c) Blue whale
(d) River dolphin
Answer : (d)

Question. Species at the high risk of extinction in the future is called :
(a) Vulnerable
(b) Extinct
(c) Endemic
(d) Critically Endangered
Answer : (d)

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